EQA / proficiency testing

External quality assessment, or EQA, evaluates laboratory performance using comparison with an external source. Proficiency testing is a common EQA approach in which participating laboratories examine supplied material and their results are evaluated against defined criteria. EQA can also include other comparison or assessment arrangements. The terms overlap, but are not interchangeable in every programme.

Treat material according to the provider's instructions and use the routine workflow as far as the scheme permits. Do not exchange results with other participants before submission. Review both acceptable and unacceptable performance, considering assigned values, peer groups, material limitations, and clinical relevance. An unacceptable score requires investigation, but a satisfactory score does not prove that every patient result or every part of the examination process is reliable.

Accreditation requires evidence that external comparisons are planned, reviewed, and acted upon. Retain enrolment details, submitted results, reports, investigations, and follow-up decisions. Where a suitable programme is unavailable, document the reason and select a justified alternative comparison. Connect findings to internal control, staff competence, and any necessary review of patient results.